empire. Many Gentiles were well aware of Jewish sacrifices and customs, so any reference to these would not necessitate a Jewish readership. On the other hand, it is difficult to see any evidence for a purely gentile audience. Some see a gentile background in the following: 1. reference to families sharing the same flesh and blood (Heb. 2:14) and children’s duty to submit to their parents’ discipline (Heb. 12:5–11); 2. the analogy of the field (Heb. 6:7–8); 3. the contrast between milk and solid